9 Shocking Labrador Retriever Health Issues Hiding Behind That Happy Tail

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Think your Lab is perfectly healthy? One of these silent issues could already be in motion, and most owners miss it until it’s too late.

Your dog looks happy, eats like a champ, and still chases tennis balls like it’s their job. But some of the most dangerous Labrador Retriever health issues don’t start with a limp or a cough; they sneak in while your dog’s still wagging.

Planning Ahead for Vet Bills

These are a few of the primary health conditions that can affect Labs. Pet health care can be costly, so it is vital to consider pet insurance. It can help you cover the cost of your Lab’s unexpected vet bills and offer you peace of mind.

Most insurance providers do not cover pre-existing conditions, so it is sensible to cover them when they are young. Our pet insurance reviews offer the best options and help you find a company that meets your needs. You can also get a free quote below.

9 Common Labrador Retriever Health Problems

Labrador Retrievers have consistently ranked among the most popular dog breeds in the world, and it’s easy to see why. They are best known for their family-friendly nature, goofy and fun personality, and high energy that keeps their humans almost always on their toes.

But behind those wagging tails and playful zoomies, Labs are prone to a surprising number of health issues, many linked to genetics and breed tendencies. I spoke with Dr. Rebecca MacMillan to learn more about Labrador Retriever health issues, as she has seen many Labrador patients during her career.

With her expertise and additional research, I’ve broken down the top nine Labrador Retriever health issues every owner should be aware of, plus the symptoms that often go unnoticed until it’s sometimes too late.

1. Hip & Elbow Dysplasia

Hip dysplasia is the most common health concern in Labrador Retrievers. Some puppies develop weakness around the joints in early life. As their hips and elbows develop, they grow abnormally and don’t fit together as they should.

This reduced movement and increased wear and tear eventually lead to arthritis, which can become very painful. Elbow dysplasia in Labs is much less common than hip dysplasia, but it is more common in Labs than in other larger breeds.

When I spoke with Dr. MacMillan, she had this to say:

Elbow dysplasia and hip dysplasia are both common in Labradors. This condition is hereditary, meaning parents with poor hips and elbows are more likely to pass this trait on to their offspring.

It is therefore recommended that you purchase a puppy from a breeder who has had the mother and father officially elbow and hip scored. While this is no guarantee that your chosen pup will have perfect hip and elbow joints, it does increase their chances of being healthy.

Diagnosis & Treatment

After a physical exam, your vet may recommend sedation for a hip X-ray, blood tests, or a referral to a specialist. Treatment can range from lifestyle changes and medication to physiotherapy or surgery, depending on severity.

If your Labrador is recovering from surgery, visit our guide on the best dog lift harnesses to help them heal while maintaining a “normal” life.

How Much Does Treatment For Elbow/Hip Dysplasia Cost?

Zeppelin, a 2-year-old Labrador Retriever, suffered from elbow dysplasia. Fortunately, his parents insured him through Fetch, which covers elbow and hip dysplasia. His plan included an 80% reimbursement, a $300 deductible, and a $15,000 annual payout limit.

The total vet bill was $1,049.45, but Fetch paid more than half ($539.56), leaving his parents with only $509.89 out-of-pocket expenses. Fetch has seen claims for hip dysplasia as high as $9,548.43, so insurance coverage can really save you money if your Lab is diagnosed with this.

2. Swallowing An Object

Labrador Retrievers are smart, but when it comes to eating random objects, they’ve got the street smarts of a toddler on espresso. Think of Lab-proofing your house like baby-proofing, but for a furry vacuum with zero impulse control.

A foreign object could be something you’ve accidentally left lying around the house, such as chocolate or other toxic food items. They can also include items like socks, fish hooks, and mystery snacks, such as rodent poison, on a walk.

Labs will try to swallow literally anything. Sometimes it passes. Sometimes it racks up a $3,000 vet bill… or worse.

Diagnosis & Treatment

If you suspect your Lab swallowed something, don’t wait; get to the vet. Even if you’re unsure, go and get them checked straight away. Timing matters.

Treatment depends on the object. If it’s small and safe enough to pass, your vet might suggest letting nature take its course. They may induce vomiting, do X-rays, or, in serious cases, perform surgery to prevent a blockage or rupture. Better safe than sorry.

Always observe what your Lab is chewing or eating (as a parent to an equally mischievous Doxie, I know this is harder said than done). Visit our Dr. Cuddles ReadyRESCUE review, which could save your dog’s life if they swallow something toxic.

3. CCL Tear

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a thin connective tissue that runs through the center of our knees. The similar tissue in dogs is called the cranial cruciate ligament (CCL), which connects the tibia to the femur. Although it is technically a CCL tear, most refer to it as an ACL tear.

The tear occurs gradually over time, like a fraying rope that eventually wears out under constant pressure. Studies show that over half of dogs with a CCL tear in one knee develop it in the other, mainly due to overcompensation.

Diagnosis & Treatment

Depending on the severity of the ACL tear, vets can recommend anti-inflammatories, rehabilitation therapy, and custom knee braces. Surgical correction is often favored because it is the only way to stabilize the joint permanently.

Some breeds, like Labs, are more prone to CCL tears than others, and being overweight increases the risk for these breeds.

4. Eye Conditions

There are many vision disorders in dogs, and the most common eye problems in Labs include progressive retinal atrophy (PRA), retinal dysplasia, entropion, glaucoma, and cataracts. Eye conditions can lead to significant discomfort and, in some cases, vision loss.

Dr. Macmillan has this to say, “PRA… can lead to affected dogs losing large parts of their central vision over time. It is a hereditary condition, so dogs that are going to be bred should have their eyes checked by a veterinary specialist before being mated to reduce the risk of passing problems on.”

Diagnosis & Treatment

Some eye conditions, like entropion, are easy to spot; your Lab’s inward-growing lashes clearly cause discomfort. Others, like cataracts, may not show until serious vision loss kicks in, often later in life. Some disorders appear early, while others are age-related.

A proper vet exam is essential to know what’s going on. Treatments range from eye drops and antibiotics to full-on surgery, depending on the issue.

5. Exercise-Induced Collapse

Exercise-induced collapse (EIC) is a genetic neuromuscular disorder that causes healthy, active Labs to suddenly lose strength, usually in their back legs, after 5–20 minutes of intense play or exercise. Most dogs recover after 20 minutes of rest, but severe episodes can be life-threatening.

Light exercise usually doesn’t trigger it. Labradors are one of the most affected breeds: a University of Saskatchewan study found 40% of Labs carry the gene, and 6% are affected. Over 80% of those with EIC have an episode by age four.

Watch this quick video of a Lab experiencing EIC.

Diagnosis & Treatment

Dogs can begin to show signs of the disease as early as five months. The only treatment is to avoid known trigger activities, intensive exercise, or extreme excitement, especially in hot weather. 

After a collapse, take them somewhere quiet and calm for them to recover. Whenever your dog collapses without a known cause, seeking veterinary attention immediately to determine the cause and get proper treatment is crucial.

Dr. MacMillan adds that, in addition to EIC:

Labradors are more prone to laryngeal paralysis than other breeds, a condition that often affects older animals. Dysfunction occurs in the nerves that control the larynx, leading to paralysis of the dog’s vocal cords.

This can cause issues with breathing (the vocal cords don’t open as they should to allow smooth airflow), coughing, and changes in the dog’s bark. I have also seen dogs present in a collapsed state during hot weather spells due to laryngeal paralysis.

6. Epilepsy

Epilepsy is a brain disorder in which recurrent seizures occur without a known cause, such as brain injury or disease. A seizure is a surge in the brain’s electrical activity and lasts, on average, 30 to 90 seconds.

Diagnosis & Treatment

When the brain appears to be normal but functions abnormally, a vet can diagnose epilepsy when all other avenues are ruled out. Epilepsy is treatable with drug therapy, and anti-seizure medications are the most common choice.

There are several commonly used anticonvulsants, and they are usually lifelong. Your vet might also suggest lifestyle changes to avoid flashing lights, and they might suggest dog sunglasses, too.

7. Tricuspid Valve Dysplasia

Labrador Retrievers are prone to a variety of heart health issues. Tricuspid valve dysplasia (TVD) is the most common in Labs. It refers to the abnormal development of the tricuspid valve, which allows blood to regurgitate back into the right atrium.

Labs and German Shepherds are the most affected, and it mainly affects male dogs.

Diagnosis & Treatment

TVD is incurable, but diuretics may be prescribed to relieve fluid retention. Vets often recommend gentle exercise to put less strain on the dog’s heart. In mild cases of TVD, most dogs can lead a normal life, but in some severe cases, congestive heart failure can occur.

8. Cancer

According to the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA), 1 in 4 dogs will develop neoplasia, an abnormal growth of tissue that can be benign or cancerous. Nearly half of all dogs over age 10 will develop cancer.

Sadly, Labs are at higher risk than most breeds, especially for cancers like lymphoma. A recent Nationwide study ranked Labrador Retrievers as having the fifth-highest cancer risk among popular purebreds.

Watch this informative video on the ten signs of cancer in dogs.

Diagnosis & Treatment

Taking a tissue sample (biopsy) is often necessary to confirm a cancer diagnosis. Like in humans, cancer treatment varies depending on the type of cancer, its stage, the dog’s age and health, and more.

There are three standard treatments for cancer, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy (radiotherapy). Your veterinarian can advise and help you choose the best cancer treatment for your pup.

9. Obesity

Being overweight or obese is a massive problem for Labradors. Labs are forever hungry and always scavenging for their next snack. Being overweight or obese puts further pressure on their joints, cardiac system, and more, which, in turn, leads to less activity.

This downward spiral can lead to other secondary Lab health problems, such as diabetes, arthritis, liver and kidney disease, and increase the risk of certain cancers. Keeping your Lab active and controlling portion size is crucial.

New research shows that one in four Labs is prone to obesity. The genetic mutation of the POMC gene makes Labs feel constantly hungry and prevents them from burning calories. This can lead to serious weight management problems for Labs and their owners.

What is the average size for a Lab? Check out our guide on how heavy your dog should be and our Lab growth chart guide. Typically, Labs should weigh between 55 to 80 pounds. If your vet has recommended a low-fat diet, check out our top weight-loss diets. We also have a guide on the best dog food for Labradors, with tips on keeping them fit and trim.

Dr. MacMillan adds, “Their food-oriented nature makes them easy to train, but sadly, it also means they are more likely to become overweight than many other breeds of dog.”

Our Personal Experience With Labrador Retriever Health Issues

My Black Lab, Bear, was a healthy pup until age three, when he began having occasional balance issues. Then one day, he collapsed, writhing, foaming at the mouth, and completely disoriented. Fearing poison or a bite, I rushed him to the vet, but by the time we arrived he seemed normal again.

After an exam, he was diagnosed with epilepsy. Medication helped manage his seizures, but it became a lifelong part of his care, along with extra vet visits and safety precautions during episodes. Despite the condition, Bear lived nearly 12 happy years and brought us endless joy.

– Danielle DeGroot, Labrador Parent, Canine Journal Research & Writing

Other Health Conditions That Affect Labs

While joint problems, obesity, and genetic disorders are the most common concerns, Labrador Retrievers are also prone to several other health issues worth keeping on your radar:

• Ear Infections – Labs’ floppy ears and love of water make them magnets for chronic ear infections. Redness, head shaking, or a bad odor usually mean it’s time for a vet visit.
• Hot Spots & Skin Allergies – Allergies to pollen, food, or fleas often cause itchy, inflamed skin. Labs are notorious for scratching and licking until “hot spots” develop.
• Hypothyroidism – A hormonal disorder that slows metabolism, leading to weight gain, lethargy, and coat changes. It’s common in middle-aged Labs and manageable with medication.
• Heart Disease (Dilated Cardiomyopathy) – Though less common than tricuspid valve dysplasia, Labs can develop other cardiac issues, leading to fatigue or coughing.
• Osteoarthritis – This degenerative joint condition can be seen secondary to issues like hip and elbow dysplasia, but can also be due to general wear and tear.
• Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus (Bloat) – Like many deep-chested breeds, Labs can suffer from bloat, a life-threatening condition where the stomach twists. It requires immediate emergency care.
• Ear Hematomas – Vigorous head shaking (often from ear infections) can cause blood vessels in the ear flap to rupture, leaving a swollen, painful ear.

Labs are resilient dogs, but their adventurous (and sometimes goofy) nature puts them at risk for more than just the “big nine” health issues. Regular vet checkups, early treatment, and preventative care are the best ways to keep them thriving.

How To Keep Your Labrador Retriever Healthy

Keeping a Labrador healthy is no small job. These big-hearted dogs come with even bigger appetites and a higher risk for certain medical issues, so staying proactive is essential.

Labs thrive with routine vet visits, a well-balanced diet that keeps their weight in check, and plenty of daily exercise to burn off energy. Preventive care, like vaccinations and flea and tick treatments, is also a must-have.

From choosing food that supports joint health to making time for walks, swims, or games of fetch, every step you take helps your Lab live a longer, healthier, and tail-wagging life.

Dr. MacMillan also adds this:

You can keep your Labrador healthy by keeping them at a lean, fit body weight. This will avoid too much pressure on their joints, as well as reduce the risk of other obesity-related health complaints. You can do this by measuring their daily food rations accurately, using treats sparingly, and making sure your pet gets enough exercise.

If you do spot any limping or stiffness in your pet, then you must get them checked over by your vet. They can discuss the various diagnostic and treatment options and work with you to make your dog more comfortable.

Average Costs For Labrador Retriever Health Issues

According to Fetch Pet Insurance, the three most common health conditions Lab parents file claims for are hip dysplasia, swallowing an object, and an ACL tear. The costs associated with these Lab health problems over a lifetime are as follows:

• Hip Dysplasia: $4,670 to $6,370
• Swallowing An Object: $2,970 to $4,280
• ACL Tear: $6,030 to $7,520

Frequently Asked Questions

Many of our readers still have questions about Labradors, their primary health concerns, and how to keep them healthy. If you don’t see your question below, drop us a line in the comments below, and we’ll find the answer for you.

Are Labrador Retrievers Healthy?

Yes, Labrador Retrievers are a generally healthy breed with a typical lifespan of 11 to 13 years. But like any dog breed, they are more prone to specific health issues than others.

Some Labs might not experience any of the above health concerns, but these are the most common, so it’s wise to be aware of these health problems and the symptoms to look out for.

Should I Get Pet Insurance For My Labrador?

You should consider getting pet insurance for your Labrador. As you can see from the above Lab health concerns and quotes, pet healthcare costs can be very expensive. Not only does pet insurance ensure you can meet your pet’s health needs should the worst happen, but it also puts your mind at ease.

What Do Labradors Usually Die From?

Although there are no official most frequent causes of death, my research shows that the two most recurring categories are cancer and musculoskeletal disorders, such as hip dysplasia and CCL.

Although musculoskeletal disorders do not directly cause death, their symptoms cause pain, lower quality of life, and secondary health issues, which contribute to a leading cause of death in Labradors.

Keep Learning About Your Lab

Has your pup experienced any of these Lab health concerns? Or have they encountered something not on this list? We’d love to hear your stories and see how your Lab is doing in our comments section below.